summary #6: predicting traits

What probability have a person that his son be like him? The only way we can predict that is with a Punnett square. A punnett square is a table usad to prdict the outcome of crossing differents forms of a trait.In a Punnett square, we use capital letters for dominant traits, and a lowercase letter is a recessive trait. To create a Punnett square the only thing we have to do is to draw a large square and divide it into four. Write the parent's factor for the trait outside the square, that will predict if the kid will be like his mother or his father.

The pedigree is a chart used to trace the history of traits in a family. For example, my family have pedigree for brown eyes, noy I am carrier of that pedigree, but if my son will have green eyes, but if my wife don´t have green eyes, there is incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance is a genetic pattern which neither of the two forms of a trait completely mask the other.

summary #5: learning about heredity

An inherted trait is a characteristic from parent to offspring. For example, if my dad have black hair, and i have black hair, that is an inherted trait. Another word to explain that is heredity. Heredity is the passing of these traits from one generetion to another.

The inherted traits are not only with the humans, they are in all the animals and plants in the world. In science, there is a part especially design for the study of heredity, and it is called genetic. For example, they study the pollination of the flowers. Pollination is when the male part of the flower produce pollen to the female part of the plant. It can be cross-pollination or self-pollination.

If two persons have a kid, he can have dominant or recessive traits. Dominant traits are a form of a trait in the hybrid generation, and recessive is a form of a trait that is hidden or masked in the hybrid generation.

summary #3:the rock cycle

A mineral isa naturally ocurring solid in earth´s crust with a definitestructure and composition. All the rocks are formed by two or more minerals.The minerals are classified by his hardness.If a fingernail can scatch a mineral, that mineral is very soft.If a streak plate can scrath a mineral, that mineral is very hard.

The rock cycle is very complex. First, an igneus rock form when hot materials cools down,then, when that rock is destruyed in pieces or cemented together, that is an sedimentary rock, and then, when and sedimentary rock is changed by heat or by pressure, that is an metamorphic rock, that is the rock cycle

summary #2: lift, carry and drop

Mass wasting is a downhill movement of earth material caused by gravity. If I am in the top of a hill and the hill start moving,that`s a mass wasting.Along mountaintops and hillsides,weathering is breaking down rock into sediment.Sediment is drop of, that is called deposition. Sediment can be fine bits of clay,or larger bits like sand or gravel.


A glacier is a hyge sheet of ice and snow that moves slowly. there are three major class of glaciers.The valley glaciers are form in high mountains valley,where is cold because of the elevation. Continental glaciers forms near the poles, where the latitude make the climate cold. Narrower glaciers dragged soil along.As the soil became trapped in the middle, like a stream of soil.A till is a jumble of many sizes of sediment deposited by a glacier and moraine is a deposit of many sizes of sediment in front of or along the sides of the glaciers

Summary #1 Building up and and Breaking down

HOW IS A MOUNTAIN MADE

All begins in the rock of the crust, when it move up,down or by the sideways.Rocks can also bent,squeeze,twisted or broken.These changes can cause different types of features to be made.

The most common type of mountain is the fold mountain, that mostly is formed by layers of rocks that had been squeezed together.Another type of mountain is the fault-block mountain.A fault-block mountain is made by huge tilted blocks of rocks separated from surrounding rock by faults.A fault is a large crack in rocks along which there is movement.Another landform created by crustal movement is a plateau.A plateau is a large area of flat land at a high elevation, like the grand canyon.

How Inclined Planes work

Inclined plane: a straidght, slanted surface that is not moved when it is used

screw: an iclined plane wrapped around a central bar.

wedge:one or more cobination of two inclined planes that is moved when used

compound machine: a combination of two or more machines

efficiency: a ration of the work done by a machine compared with the work put into the machine

how levers work

simple machine: a device with few parts that makes it easier to do work

effort force: the force applied to do a machine

resistance force: the force that a machine acts again

lever: a simple machine made of a rigid bar on a pivot point

fulcrom: the pivot point of a lever

mechanical advantage: the number of times a machine multiplies the force applied

pulley: a groove wheel that turns by the action of a rope in the groove

wheel and axle: a simple machine made of a handle or axis attached to the center of a wheel